In Confucianism, what does the term "li" refer to?

In Confucianism, the term "li" refers to proper conduct and ritual, encompassing a wide range of behaviors and practices that govern social interactions. "Li" signifies the importance of etiquette, manners, and ceremonies in maintaining social harmony and respect among individuals within society. By adhering to "li," individuals demonstrate their understanding of their roles and responsibilities, thereby promoting order and stability in the community.

This concept includes both formal rituals, such as religious ceremonies, and informal practices, such as everyday manners. It is foundational to Confucian ethics, as it reflects the belief that proper behavior leads to moral cultivation and the wellbeing of society as a whole. Understanding "li" helps clarify how Confucianism emphasizes that personal behavior is closely tied to larger social and familial structures.

While other terms like moral integrity or filial piety hold significance within Confucian philosophy, they are not encapsulated within the term "li" itself; rather, they fall under broader ethical considerations influenced by the practice of "li."