In Hinduism, what does Karma refer to?

Karma in Hinduism fundamentally refers to the law of cause and effect, which asserts that a person's actions—both good and bad—will influence their future experiences. This concept emphasizes that our deeds have consequences that can manifest in this life or in future reincarnations. It operates under the belief that individuals are responsible for their actions, which culminates in shaping their destiny.

Karma is integral to many aspects of Hindu philosophy, particularly the ideas surrounding samsara, or the cycle of life and death. While the cycle of life and death is relevant to the broader context of karma, the specific definition of karma is focused solely on the impact of individual actions.

The other options present related concepts within Hinduism. The divine creation of the universe is a separate topic related to cosmology and creation stories. Meditation practices do play a role in Hindu rituals, but they do not define what karma fundamentally represents. Therefore, understanding karma as the principle of cause and effect offers clarity on how actions lead to specific outcomes, guiding moral conduct and spiritual growth within Hindu belief.