Which principle in Confucianism focuses on compassion and benevolence in leadership?

The principle in Confucianism that focuses on compassion and benevolence in leadership is Ren. This concept is often translated as "humaneness" or "benevolence" and emphasizes the importance of empathy and moral integrity in one's actions, especially for those in positions of authority. In Confucian thought, a leader should cultivate Ren to inspire and uplift their followers, thereby creating a harmonious society. The essence of Ren is rooted in the understanding that all individuals are interconnected, and true leadership involves caring for the well-being of others.

Li, while also a significant concept in Confucianism, pertains more to the proper conduct, rituals, and social order rather than the specific compassionate aspect of leadership. Xiao refers to filial piety and respect for one's family, which is crucial in personal relationships but does not encompass the broader idea of benevolent leadership. De refers to virtue and moral character but is not as specifically centered on compassion in the leadership context as Ren is.